Tobacco Advertising (761 words) Essay Example For Students

Tobacco Advertising (761 words) Essay Tobacco AdvertisingTobacco Advertising and its dangerous effects on young people. Everyday 3,000 children start smoking, most them between the ages of 10 and 18. These kids account for 90 percent of all new smokers. In fact, 90 percent of all adult smokers said that they first lit up as teenagers (Roberts). These statistics clearly show that young people are the prime target in the tobacco wars. The cigarette manufacturers may deny it, but advertising and promotion play a vital part in making these facts a reality (Roberts). We will write a custom essay on Tobacco Advertising (761 words) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The kings of these media ploys are Marlboro and Camel. Marlboro uses a fictional western character called The Marlboro Man, while Camel uses Joe Camel, a high-rolling, swinging cartoon character. Joe Camel, the smooth character from R.J. Reynolds, who is shown as a dromedary with complete style has been attacked by many Tobacco-Free Kids organizations as a major influence on the children of America. Dr. Lonnie Bristow, AMA (American Medical Association) spokesman, remarks that to kids, cute cartoon characters mean that the product is harmless, but cigarettes are not harmless. They have to know that their ads are influencing the youth under 18 to begin smoking(Breo). Researchers at the Medical College of Georgia report that almost as many 6-year olds recognize Joe Camel as know Mickey Mouse (Breo). That is very shocking information for any parent to hear. The industry denies that these symbols target people under 21 and claim that their advertising goal is simply to promote brand swit ching and loyalty. Many people disagree with this statement such as Illinois Rep. Richard Durbin who states If we can reduce the number of young smokers, the tobacco companies will be in trouble and they know it (Roberts). So what do the tobacco companies do to keep their industry alive and well? Seemingly, they go toward a market that is not fully aware of the harm that cigarettes are capable of. U.S. News recently featured a discussion of the smoking issue with 20 teenagers from suburban Baltimore. The group consisted of ten boys and ten girls between the ages of 15 and 17. When asked why they started smoking, they gave two contradictory reasons: They wanted to be a part of a peer group. They also wanted to reach out and rebel at the same time. When you party, 75 to 90 percent of the kids are smoking. It makes you feel like you belong, says Devon Harris, a senior at Woodlawn High. Teens also think of smoking as a sign of independence. The more authority figures tell them not to smoke, the more likely they are to pick up the habit (Roberts). The surprising thing is that these kids know that they are being influenced by cigarette advertising. If these kids know that this advertising is manipulating them, why do they still keep smoking? The ads are everywhere, especially in teen-oriented magazines, such as Rolling Stone and Spin. The ads also fuel some of the reasons the children gave for starting. They represent rebellion, independence, acceptance and happiness. These are all the things a young person, between childhood and adolescence, needs and desires. This type of advertising, on top of peer pressure, is the mystery behind the rise in adolescent smoking. How do we stop the future of America from smoking? Here are three things that the experts recommend. Try to convince your children that smoking is not cool. Talk to your kids at a young age about the dangers of smoking. Identify family members who smoke and ask them to stop (Thomas). Children are the most valuable commodity we are given in life. Lets try to educate them while theyre young to be independent thinkers and to not be swayed by the tobacco companies who are trying to take advantage of their mind and body. Works CitedBill Clinton vs. Joe Camel. U.S. News World Report. 2 Sep. 1996: 12. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566 , .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566 .postImageUrl , .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566 , .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566:hover , .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566:visited , .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566:active { border:0!important; } .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566:active , .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566 .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf7782ff76f4254a392551509af04c566:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Vegetarianism EssaySelling Tobacco to Kids. America. 17 Feb. 1996: 3. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. Roberts, Steven. Teens on tobacco; kids smoke for reasons all their own. U.S. News World Report. 18 Apr. 1996: 38. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. Thomas, Roger E. 10 steps to keep the children in your practice nonsmokers. American Family Physician. Aug. 1996: 450. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996. Breo, Dennis L. Kicking Butts-AMA, Joe Camel and the Black Flag war on tobacco. JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association. 29 Oct. 1993: 1978. Infotrac. Online. 27 Oct. 1996.

How to Tell a Male From a Female Shark

How to Tell a Male From a Female Shark Ever wondered how to tell the sex of a shark? Distinguishing the sex of a shark is easier than in most marine species. Its all in the sharks external anatomy. Male sharks have modified pelvic fins called claspers. Females do not have these claspers. As male sharks age, the calcium is deposited in the claspers, so that older males have harder claspers. In addition to the absence of claspers, females tend to be larger than males, although those differences may not always be obvious, especially in the wild. Where Claspers Are Located These claspers are located on the sharks underside, within the sharks two pelvic fins. They look kind of like long fingers that extend underneath the sharks belly.   Shark Reproduction in Brief The claspers are used for reproduction. Sharks breed via sexual reproduction with internal fertilization. This involves the sharks usually positioning themselves belly to belly, a process that can involve a lot of biting. The claspers have grooves which are used to transfer sperm from the male shark to the females cloaca.  The sperm is moved through the grooves using seawater. The sperm fertilizes the females eggs, and voila!- a shark embryo is created. From there, development and birth vary by species.   In some species, such as bamboo sharks, the female lays eggs outside of her body (oviparous). About 40% of the 400 shark species lay eggs. In ovoviviparous  sharks, such as whale sharks, basking sharks, and thresher sharks, the eggs develop inside the females body, but the young are born live. Placental viviparous sharks give birth in a way similar to mammals- the young shark is nourished inside the female by a yolk-sac placenta, before being born live. Bull sharks, lemon sharks, and hammerhead sharks are examples of species that employ this strategy.

Lessons Learned from the Enron Scandal Term Paper

Lessons Learned from the Enron Scandal - Term Paper Example The bankruptcy of such a big organization is regarded as the greatest setback in American history. The dissolution of Enron was the result of its own false practices illegal dealings of projects and not showing their debts on their company’s accounts. (Project 2000_25_Corporate) It was regarded as the greatest failure in terms of audit. Enron was established in 1985 by Kenneth Lay after the merger of Houston Natural Gas and Inter North. This merger created the largest gas pipeline system in America. In the 1990’s Kenneth Lay took an initiative to sell the electricity at market prices and the resulting markets helped him to sell the electricity at higher rates as a result increasing their income. Enron not only delivered natural gas but also became a market middleman for energy and brought the buyers and sellers of energy on one platform. Enron in just 15 years reached such a position where it became America’s seventh biggest company which employed 21,000 employee s in more than forty countries. (Enron scandal-at-a-glance, 2002) Enron became dominant in the trading of energy contracts and financial instruments known as Derivatives. By 1992, Enron became the largest seller of natural gas in North America with earnings of $122 million. In the late 1990’s Enron was considered as the best in the world as it controlled twenty five percent of all electricity and natural gas contracts. In November 1999, Enron’s online website was established which helped the company to manage its contracts more efficiently. This website of the corporation in no time became the largest e-business site of the world. Enron also invested in physical facilities. Enron in the beginning was an insurance company. For further development of the company, Enron purchased a number of assets which included gas pipelines, electricity plants, water plants and broadband services all over the world. The company also incurred revenue by dealing in the same products and services in which it had been involved. The stock of Enron rose from the beginning of the 1990’s until 1998 by 311% which was a remarkable increase in the rate of growth. Apart from that Enron was rated as the most innovative corporation in America, in the survey of Fortune’s most Admired Companies. After many years Jeffery Skilling was hired who developed the idea of using such an accounting system which could hide debts in billions from the failed deals. Not only him but Andrew Fastow Chief Financial Officer and many other executives misguided the board of directors of the Enron company. The shareholders of the Enron Company lost 11$ billion which was as high as US$90 per share in the middle of 2000 but fell to less than 1$ at the end of Nov 2001.As a result of which the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission started to investigate the matter. The decline of Enron started when its investors became known of the â€Å"off balance sheet† partnerships that were h iding billions of dollars of debts. One of the deals with Blockbuster Inc. which was a video rental company to provide movies on the internet was also cancelled in March. Moreover the rival company Dynegy offered to purchase the company and the deal was finalized on December 2, 2001. The Enron Company finally filed for the bankruptcy of the company. In the U.S. history Enron was the largest corporate bankruptcy until WorldCom’s was declared bankrupt the next year. Moreover there were many executives who were blamed for a number of charges and were then sentenced to prison. Moreover, Arthur Andersen the auditor of the corporation

KFC and the global fast food industry Term Paper

KFC and the global fast food industry - Term Paper Example KFC is a leading food chain in the world. When it comes to starting a new franchise in a new market, KFC would have to evaluate and analyze number of factors in its external and internal environment. The SWOT analysis for KFC is i. Strengths International recognition Ranked highest among chicken restaurants Unique flavor and recipe ii. Weakness Declining quality due to over franchising Less focus on R&D department Lack of relationship building iii. Opportunity Demographics trends have increased the growth Increased delivery services Updating restaurant and its menu iv. Threats Rapid change in customer demands Health awareness Increased competition PORTER’S VALUE CHAIN Michael Porter has given the concept of value chain in his book â€Å"The Competitive Advantage†. According to Porter, each and every activity and operation adds value to the produced product or service. So, every operation should support each other and should work at an optimum level. Porter suggested tha t organizations have two kinds of activities, â€Å"primary activities† and â€Å"secondary activities† (Overbeck 2009, p.26.). Primary activities: Inbound logistics: Involves obtaining raw material from supplies. KFC should make it clear to its suppliers, regarding the quality and time of delivery. Operations: Raw materials are combined to make the final product. This is the stage, where KFC has to keep check on quality and ingredients. In this stage, KFC can bring changes in its formula. Outbound logistics: Manufactured product is delivered to market. In case of KFC, it will not go to retailer or wholesaler, rather will go directly to costumer. Marketing and Sales: Marketing should be done in accordance to the needs of the end users. KFC should open its franchise in places where there is more demand, like near residential areas or in parks. Services: The services should include after sales services. KFC should provide services like feedback and royalty cards etc. to its regular users Support Activities: Procurement: The raw material acquired by KFC, should be properly accessed by KFC in order to assure best quality at best price. Technology development: The technology use can help KFC in maintaining the inventory record, sales, employee salary and attendance, and many other things. Human resource management: KFC has to recruit best available employees for its company, in order to deliver consistent quality to its consumer. Firm infrastructure: Organization structure matters a lot when it comes to adding value to the organization. KFC has to enforce and embrace a structure and culture that favors two way communications between employer and employee. b) Use Porter?s Five Forces framework to critically evaluate the opportunities and threats that faced KFC Corporation from the mid – 1990s to the year 2000. PORTER FIVE FORCE MODEL Michael Porter’s model has focused on how the corporate strategy should meet the opportunities and threats in corporation’s external environment. Porter has given 5 forces, on the basis of which a company can analyze its industry and market competition. These five forces are as follows: (Kurtz, MacKenzie&Snow, 2009) Bargaining power of suppliers: The supplies mean every kind of input that will help the organization in providing best products and services. The bargaining power of suppliers is high when suppliers are few and have a significant market share, and when cost of switching

Problems in sales and marketing and make recommendations&benefits Assignment

Problems in sales and marketing and make recommendations&benefits - Assignment Example In addition to that, the strategy of allowing the customers too much leeway regarding payment may make the organization to lose out on potential sales for new stock because it is highly unlikely that the customers who have not paid for purchased products will come back to purchase more. The company may subsequently find it more difficult to plan for its future operations (Espejo, 2010, 68). From the responses, it is evident that the organization does not have a concrete strategy for selling and marketing its products. This lack of strategy reflects on the sales and profits that the organization makes. The company advertises its products on different forms of media, the most preferred one by the company being the print media. However, the company does not market its product online. With the advent of technology as a tool for sales and marketing, the Secret Squirrel Company stands to make more sales and subsequent profits by advertising online (Ryan & Jones, 2009, 18). The company loses out on sales made to customers online, therefore limiting its own sources of revenue. It is also notable that the company spends the bulk of its budgetary allocation for advertising on print media advertisements. The Secret Squirrel Company spends more than $2 000 000 on print media advertising, while not spending as much on more visible media for advertising such as television and billboards (Stinson, 2008, 42). The company limits its exposure by spending so much on advertising on print media, such that the company neglects the ability of television and radio to attract potential consumers of the organization’s products (Jeannet & Hennessey, 2004, 117). Both the Sales and Marketing managers do not have enough information regarding the products that the organization sells. This does not help the organization to maximize sales, considering that the two should have the most information concerning the company’s products since they head these critical departments at

American Public University System Characteristics

American Public University System Characteristics Delainah E. Borgonia StarTeam StarTeam is a change management system that was developed by a company named Micro Focus. The systems main intent is to support an enterprise that can service anyone, no matter where they are located. This system is mainly used in my organization as a software development tracking tool that allows you to track the software development lifecycle through the StarTeam Change Request Workflow process. It also allows the program managers and system developers the ability to collaborate on projects and track the change management. Workflow is a term used to describe by which members of an organization completes difficult tasks or projects. This process allows one user to begin a task and pass it along to the next individual for review. Once that user is complete with their portion they will pass the project to another person to complete and finalize the review. This process will continue on until the project is developed, tested and deployed into production. Characteristics of the Users of the System The employees that mainly use the StarTeam system are the requirement managers, project managers, project functionals, analysts and system developers. The requirement and project managers responsibility is to review and validate the change requirements and update the objective scoring module in the Requirement Management System prior to it being imported into StarTeam. The project functional system evaluates the request, then decides if the request should be pursued. Once the project is given the go ahead, the project goes through the analysts for review and accuracy, then to the software developers to write code and develop the system. Features and Usage of the System The StarTeam Change Request Workflow strictly defines the change requests process, enhancing productivity and facilitating management oversight. The workflow also enforces the security it requires to ensure only authorized personnel for specific data can update that data element at the appropriate point in the workflow. All change request in StarTeam are controlled by a workflow. The workflow allows users to track the progress of any change request from when it is entered into StarTeam, to when it is closed. Each department that has a role to perform on the change request is reflected by the Air Force Change Request Status of the change request. Upon logging into StarTeam the first thing you see is a listing of projects broken out by system name. When clicking on a project, the main window that pops up is the Cross-Platform Client also known as the project view window. The Content Perspective view is the default view that you see when you open the Cross-Platform Client. On the Cross- Platform Client view is a series of Menus from the folder tree, upper pane, component tabs, and lower pane, and information tabs. The most important menu we use is the Upper Pane menu that consist of a list of items associated with the folder that is displayed in the folder tree. Even though each folder can contain items of different types of projects, the upper pane displays only one type of data at a time. This is where we are able to see where in the workflow process our project is currently at. The Enterprise workflow process starts at the status of Enter. This is a system status that is invisible to the user. The user is automatically advance to New for standard workflow or Technical Analysis for maintenance workflow. Under the New status the change request is imported from another system call Remedy and the Requirements Management System as well as those created manually inputted directly into StarTeam. For all manually created change requirements, the user will enter the required data using the change request form. For all others that are imported, the data required is captured during the import process and the change request is then displayed with an Air Force Change Request Status of New. The status is reviewed by the Air Force Personnel Operations Agency (AFPOA) Management. Once complete, it is then assigned to an AFPOA Functional and the status is changed to AFPOA Functional. While in the AFPOA Functional status the request is reviewed by the assigned AFPOA Functional. Fields such as the Description, Synopsis, Contact, Info, and Application System are validated at this point. This is where any files in support of the change request are checked into StarTeam and linked to the requirement. If the change request affects multiple systems, the AFPOA Functional will coordinate the creation of additional StarTeam change requests. All change requests and requirements arising from the change request will be linked even if they are in different projects originating from this change request. Within this status there are multiple sub-statuses to allow AFPOA to monitor the change request throughout the AFPOA process. Once the change request has moved through the AFPOA process the change request is ready for the business process owners (BPO) input, the AFPOA Functional will then change the request status to BPO Eval and inform the BPO that it is ready for their coordin ation. In the BPO Eval status the BPO will update the weighted factors and review the data entered thus far to ensure the change request accurately reflects the desired system change. When the BPO has finished the actions required, the status is changed to AFPOA QC and the AFPOA point of contact is notified that the change request is ready for their action. While in the AFPOA QC status the point of contact performs their final validation of the change request before it is made available for the Project Management Office (PMO) to begin their work on the change request. Once the change request is ready for the PMO, the AFPOA QC changes the status to Tech Analysis for the Analyst QCs coordination. In the Tech Analysis status the requirement is assigned to an analyst. The analyst will check-in any supporting documentation and link it to the change request. While in this status there are multiple sub-statuses in order to allow the project management office analysts to monitor the coordination throughout the Technical Analysis process. Once complete, the change request status is changed back to the AFPOA Functional for their approval. At this point, the AFPOA Functional reviews the change request to determine if it is ready for development. When the requirement is ready for development, the AFPOA Functional changes the status to Development. During the development step the change request is assigned to a developer by the Developer QC. The developer will complete the required modifications to the code and any documentation will be checked-in to StarTeam and linked to the change request. Once the requirement is coordinated through the developer the change request is developed and ready for testing. The Developer QC changes the status to Testing and the Test Manager is notified that the change request is ready for testing. Once the testing manager assigns the requirement to a tester, the tester executes the test plan in accordance to the requirement. There are several Test Phases that the requirement goes through before the change request is ready for acceptance testing. Once the requirement is ready for acceptance t esting, the Test Manager changes the status to Acceptance Testing, then the Test Manager notifies the AFPOA QC and notifies them that the change request is ready for action. During the Acceptance Testing step the AFPOA QC changes the Test Phase on the Testing tab to User Acceptance Testing and the Test Status to Testing Ready. After testing is completed successfully, the AFPOA QC changes the Test Status to Passed. When the change request is ready for production the AFPOA QC changes the status to Prod Ready and notifies the analyst that the change request is awaiting their action. In Prod Ready status the analyst prepares the change request and links any files for migration to production. After the migration is complete the analyst will change the status to Released. After all the actions are accomplished for production, the requirements status is changed to Closed and the closure reason to Released. That completes the Enterprise Workflow process and the desired system change is released to all users with the new system capability. Impact of the System The lack of StarTeam would hamper the developmental cycle and dramatically increase the time it would take to implement a new IT system. StarTeam is the glue that holds the entire system together. It documents all of the steps in the development cycle. All comments and notes are store on the StarTeam server. If someone needs to go back and check to see if a step was missing, that information is available for everyone on the project team to look at and evaluate. Life without StarTeam would definitely cause our employees to do everything manually. Doing things manually will dramatically increase the time spent on a project, as well as an increase in cost to pay the employees for the additional time needed to process each project. An increase of employees would also be required in order to keep track of each project status. Doing things this way will cause a tremendous delay and an increase in the cost of any system enhancement submitted, which in turn can cause mission degradation for the Air Force. One negative impact StarTeam has, is that the main users of the system are overly-dependent on the system and are not able to accomplish their job if the system was to go down because every change requirement project they are working on is stored in StarTeam. They have no other tracking mechanism they use to track and store the requirements that are being worked. Conclusion StarTeam is a critical system to the Air Force development cycle because of what we use it for. Ive discussed how we used StarTeam through the enterprise workflow process. The first step is for the BPO to submit a needs requirement statement into the Requirement Management System which then flows into StarTeam. Once the requirements needs statement is submitted, the appropriate functional system manger evaluates the request, then decides if the request should be perused. If the project is given the go ahead, the project moves to the next step in the requirements process which is the project development. While in project development, the software developers begin to write code and develop the system. After the development is complete, the project, then moves into the testing cycle. In the testing cycle, bugs and defects are found and fixed. The main goal of testing is to ensure the system works as designed. Once testing is complete the project is deployed with the new or updated syste m capability. The lack of StarTeam will definitely delay any system enhancement submitted and cause us not to complete our Air Force mission.

Civil Litigation Process For Sexual Harassment Essay example -- Sexual

Civil Litigation Process For Sexual Harassment Prompt: You are in charge of the human resources division of a large software development company. One of your responsibilities is to work with the company's retained law firm on suits against the company by present and former employees. A former employee has just filed suit against the company and one of its supervisor's for sexual harassment. The citation has been served upon the authorized agent for the company today. You have also been advised today that you are going to be promoted to senior vice president in charge of software development and that the new human resources director has little experience with matters related to civil litigation. You must orient the new director to the mechanics of how a civil lawsuit works its way through the legal system so that she can integrate her activities with that of the law firm in defense of the newly filed suit Prepare a three (3) to five (5) page memo to the new director generally describing the litigation process. To: Manager, HR department From: Vice President Date: 5/18/14 Subject: Litigation process for recent lawsuit of sexual harassment Over view The following document is a description of sexual harassment litigation process and my proposals to create a manual policy on sexual harassment cases. The Stages of Sexual Harassment Litigation 1. Beginning of Controversy and Attempts to Resolve Conflict "Having an litigation goal'' The goal of the case should be determined as early as possible, by the facts, witnesses, forum and client, because it will dictate how you will manage the litigation. For instance, if the forum, facts and client indicate that (1) summary judgment is ... ...uld establish, distribute to all employees, and enforce a policy prohibiting harassment and setting out a procedure for making complaints. In most cases, the policy and procedure should be in writing. Â · Small businesses may be able to discharge their responsibility to prevent and correct harassment through less formal means. For example, if a business is sufficiently small that the owner maintains regular contact with all employees, the owner can tell the employees at staff meetings that harassment is prohibited, that employees should report such conduct promptly, and that a complaint can be brought "straight to the top." If the business conducts a prompt, thorough, and impartial investigation of any complaint that arises and undertakes swift and appropriate corrective action, it will have fulfilled its responsibility to "effectively prevent and correct harassment."

Asia in Word War II Essay

World War II was the war that was supposed to end all wars. If one was an eyewitness of the said event more than 50 years ago, it is hard not to agree. The scale of the war was unprecedented. Millions of men and women were involved either as fighting in the front lines, being part of the support crew and team or by working as factory workers that supplied equipment and munitions. It was truly a global war because significant battles were fought not only in Europe but also in Asia. What the Nazis were to Europe, the Japanese Imperial Army was to Asia. They were a dominant force in countries such as China and Korea. They were able to terrorize and subjugate these two countries but it is not only in these territories that they flexed their military might. They also went southeast. This paper will look into the Japanese occupation of Southeast Asian countries: a) Philippines; b) Indonesia; c) Thailand; and d) Vietnam. The paper will attempt to find how the people from different regions and nations reacted towards Japanese occupation. Whether the people accepted Japanese rule or rejected them the factors and forces that are working for and against the Japanese will also be investigated. Occupying Force It does not require a rocket scientist or a gray-haired historian to realize that no people or nation will be delighted to find a foreign and invading army on their front yard the following morning. It is just plain unacceptable to find someone or something that disrupting someone’s routine. In the case of an occupying army the distraction and the aggravation is multiplied many times over. At the onset it can generally be said that no one – not even nice people fifty years earlier – would provide a red carpet welcome for the invading imperial forces. But a basic understanding of human nature can tell the first time researcher that in times of war the most basic human instinct that kicks in is self-preservation and that he will do everything to make his lot better even for his family. The following will discuss the situation in four Asian countries located in the southeast. All have similarities and also differences. For example, the Philippines was already under U. S. rule although it was being groomed for independence from the Americans. There was a significant military presence and for decades the Filipinos – at least the elite and others who occupy important positions – were collaborating with the Americans on various political issues. Vietnam was under French forces and based on the review of literature one can easily detect the dislike of the Vietnamese for their French rulers. This may explain their ambivalence over the Japanese occupation. Thailand on the other hand did not have a long history of colonization that may also have affected their view of the incoming Japanese forces. Indonesia was at the beginning stages of forming their national identity and the coming of the Japanese made for an interesting mix that generally favored the Indonesians. A more in-depth look will be found in the following pages. Elite vs. Peasants An accurate understanding on the effects of the Japanese Imperial Army’s occupation of the southeast region of Asia will not be possible without first understanding the role of the different social classes. Asia fifty or more years ago had a hierarchical society where the gap between rich and poor is so distinct. There were landed nobles and there were peasants doing back breaking labor. When the Japanese came, the invading army was like an equalizer of some sort. There are no rich and poor for the aggressor who is bent on subjugating a populace. For the Japanese soldier everyone is a Filipino, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Thai. Everyone are considered as the enemy which with the slightest advantage will not hesitate to overthrow or rout the occupying forces. But there are numerous sources and documentary evidence that can prove connivance between the ruling elites of the land and the invading army. This is not hard to understand because a wise general will always recognize the clout and capability of the members of the higher social classes in terms of helping them control the situation or on the opposite end aid others in setting up a guerilla movement to harass them. It then became a tricky political and social arrangement between the Japanese and the elite members of society who can be so practical in their outlook that they will be willing to be complicit with the enemy because there is no point in continually opposing their presence. This is the case of all Southeast Asian nations mentioned earlier. Atrocities Another factor that needs to be discussed first before going into the detailed description of local events is the mental and emotional baggage carried around by all the nations in the region even before the coming of the Japanese. This burden that they carry is the idea that the imperial army’s ranks are filled with blood-thirsty and sex crazed officers and men that will mutilate any nation that they will occupy. Before the bombing of the Pearl Harbor – which is the clear and irrevocable signal that the Japanese were in league with Hitler and Mussolini – the Japanese already showed signs of Nazi like ambitions. While Hitler wanted to gain control of Europe, Japan displayed its liking for Asian domination and so in 1937 the said army invaded China. In Nanking the world saw what Japanese soldiers are capable of when let loose in enemy territory. The following is an eyewitness account of what happened in the days following their invasion of China and it will be known later as the infamous Nanking Massacre: Foreigners who have traveled over the city report many civilians’ bodies lying in the streets †¦ A considerable percentage of the dead civilians were the victims of shooting or bayoneting in the afternoon and evening of the 13th, which was the time of Japanese entry into the city. Any person who ran in fear or excitement, and any one who was caught in streets or alleys after dusk by roving patrols was likely to be killed on the spot. Most f the severity was beyond even theoretical excuse. It proceeded in the Safety Zone as well as elsewhere, and many cases are plainly witnessed by foreigners and reputable Chinese. Some bayonet wounds were barbarously cruel (Zhang, 2001, p. 4). This kind of report will easily spread throughout the Asian region and it would have easily filtered to the local population of every nation. This will explain the reason why there are those who steeled themselves for Japanese invasion and vowed never to be under Japanese rule. Zhang argues that if the Nanking Massacre did not happen, the Japanese Army would have expected a far better reception in other countries but the atrocities in China was well known and he wrote, â€Å"At Nanking the Japanese Army has lost much of its reputation, and has thrown away a remarkable opportunity to gain the respect †¦ of foreign opinion† (p. 4, 2001).

buy custom Psychiatric Nursing Philosophy Examples

buy custom Psychiatric Nursing Philosophy Examples Personal Philosophy of Nursing Introduction Being a noble profession, nursing pertains to the care provided in the medical arena, by the nursing fraternity towards the provision of medical assistance to existent patients (both those admitted and the discharged convalescents). This is achieved through various pertinent procedural measures with their application being a vital component of daily nursing care life. Thus, through continued care, the organization is able to achieve greater effectiveness, efficiency and overall collective responsibility as pertaining to the overall wellbeing of its various patients, admitted or discharged. Psychiatric nursing thus, entails the specialized nursing profession, which primarily caters for patients exhibiting mental distress or illnesses. As such, it caters for all age-groups n categories and inclinations, with the major focus being on the treatment of such ailments as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, dementia, depression and psychosis amongst others.

Achieved Status Versus Ascribed Status in Sociology

Achieved Status Versus Ascribed Status in Sociology Status is a term that is used often in sociology. Broadly speaking, there are two kinds of status, achieved status and ascribed status. Each can refer to ones position, or role, within a social system- child, parent, pupil, playmate, etc.- or to ones economic or social position within that status.   Individuals usually hold multiple statuses at any given time- lawyers, say, who happen to devote most of their time to pro bono work instead of rising through the ranks at a prestigious law firm. Status is important sociologically because we attach to ones position a certain set of  presumed  rights, as well as presumed obligations and expectations for certain behaviors. Achieved Status An achieved status is one that is acquired on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned or chosen and reflects a persons skills, abilities, and efforts. Being a professional athlete, for example, is an achieved status, as is being a lawyer, college professor, or even a criminal. Ascribed Status An ascribed status, on the other hand, is beyond an individuals control. It is not earned, but rather is something people are either born with or had no control over. Examples of ascribed status include sex, race, and age. Children usually have more ascribed statuses than adults, since they do not usually have a choice in most matters. A familys social status or socioeconomic status, for instance, would be an achieved status for adults, but an ascribed status for children. Homelessness might also be another example. For adults, homelessness often comes by way of achieving, or rather not achieving, something. For children, however, homelessness is not something they have any control over. Their economic status, or lack thereof, is entirely dependent on their parents actions. Mixed-Status The line between achieved status and ascribed status is not always black and white. There are many statuses that can be considered a mixture of achievement and ascription. Parenthood, for one. According to the latest numbers gathered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 50 percent of pregnancies in the U.S. are unplanned, which makes parenthood for those people an ascribed status. Then there are people who achieve a certain status because of an ascribed status. Take Kim Kardashian, for example, probably the most famous  reality television celebrity in the world. Many people might argue that she would never have achieved that status if she had not come from a wealthy family, which is her ascribed status.  Ã‚   Status Obligations Probably the greatest set of obligations are conferred upon the status of parenthood.  First, there are biological obligations: Mothers are expected to care for themselves and their unborn child (or children, in the case of twins, etc.) by abstaining for any activity that could cause either of them harm. Once a child is born, a host of legal, social, and economic obligations kick in, all with the purpose of ensuring that parents act in a responsible manner toward their children. Then there are professional status obligations, like doctors and lawyers whose vocations bind them to certain oaths governing their client relationships. And socioeconomic status obligates those who have achieved a certain high level of economic status to contribute portions of their wealth to help the less fortunate in society.

Safety Legislation,safety profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Safety Legislation,safety profession - Essay Example The first major step I would adopt in assuring that my organisation complies with OSHA is to initiate a health communication standard. Through this standard, I will ensure that the employees and the management team are aware of the hazardous chemicals in the work place and how to protect against their adverse effects. This will entail complying with the rules as outlined by the 29 CFR 1910.1200. Secondly, I would initiate an emergency action plan standard. This involves describing the actions that employees should emulate to ensure their safety during emergencies. Thirdly, my focus will be to establish a fire safety. Through a fire safety prevention plan, I will ensure that any accident that arises as a result of fire is avoided. Fourthly, I would establish an exit route. This will be inline with the OSHA requirement that all organisations must establish exit route within their premises. Fifthly, I would initiate a walking and walking surfaces (United States Department of labor 24). In this way, accidents related to slips, falls and trips will be significantly reduced. Sixthly, I would establish a medical and first aid kit. In this way, all accidents within the work place will be addressed. Question 2 Safety profession entails protection of harm to employees, environment as well as the properties that are vital in day to day running of an organisation. Using key principles that are drawn from various fields such as engineering, health, management, physics, education and psychology among others, safety professionals are focused at preventing accidents and illnesses among other incidents that can affect the operations of a company.

Philosophies of punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophies of punishment - Essay Example Rehabilitation aims to bring the good if not the best in a person encouraging psychologists to study intensively the psychological effects of being good to a person. Incapacitation is simply getting a person out from things, persons or places that would enable him to commit criminal acts while retribution is punishing because one deserves the punishment. Having discussed these, it is the aim of this paper to make its readers have a general grasp of what these rationales could do and their limitations. Having thus understood such, it should be the reader’s responsibility to act accordingly be it in the professional or personal application of this paper. Punishment, though obviously important has taken the attention of many debates on its implementations especially when it came to matters as the life sentence or more importantly, death sentence. Debates have been widely discussed and different angles have been considered on this issue but what complicates it is the fact that the re are varied opinions on punishment and there are a lot of people involved and could be affected in the implementation or non-implementation of punishments. This very nature of the complication led researchers to look for acceptable forms of punishment which in a way would justify the intensity of punishment compensating the crime committed, thus the definition of rationale for the punishments. The general agreements on the justification of punishment are deterrence, rehabilitation, incapacitation and retribution, looking forward to reducing crime rate with the exception of the latter (Jawkes & Letherby, 2002, p. 3